AP Essay

AP Essay AP Essay Amerika Gillett Per. 3 –AP English 4/1/14 2010 AP* English Language and Composition Free-Response Questions Question 3 A political cartoon is formed by allusion and caricature. They are the primary source that often intriguing and entertaining insights into the public mood, the under lying cultural assumptions of age and attitude towards current events. The content of political cartoons usually includes stereotypical highlights a particular viewpoint or idea using illustrations. The image can be humorous as well as informative, they can also be strategically and even serious. Cartoonists often use humor as a way to express their viewpoints in political cartoons. Society allows humorists to say things that other people cannot or will not say. For example, in one cartoon, which was brought to attention, had an image of President Barack Obama holding an image of him that said â€Å"hope† and a quote that said, â€Å"Maybe I’ll try again†. This image had a negative meaning behind it. The cartoonist was implying that President Obama has done nothing over his last term and he recognizes it. The cartoonist used that specific image to express his opinion on the decision of the President. â€Å" To convey with impunity messages that might be dangerous or impossible to state directly.† Societal contracts allow for political messages in ones humor if one wishes, but there is no imperative for a humorist does not wish to do so. In this day and age, arguing with society, people tent to laugh the most at was off limits for serious discussion. Being a humorist is also being a critic; many of the jokes are aimed at everyday life or group of people. ap essay ap essay The thesis of the American novel A History of the World in 6 Glasses is that certain popular beverages have affected far more than the health of people throughout history, but also their religious ceremonies, economic and political views, and social life. The author of the novel Tom Standage supports the subject that is written about and shows no analysis of disagreement with the thesis. Tom Standage is an author of 3 other novels, which are also historic analyses, which support his data and research provided in this particular novel. A History of the World in 6 Glasses is broken down into six segments, one for each drink, the first of which is beer. Man's first civilizations were established after the reception of cultivating and the training of cereal grains. This change in lifestyle helped the "rise of chairmen, copyists, and skilled workers." Next was wine, assumed a significant part in the prospering Greek and Roman societies. Wine launched inconceivable seaborne exchange, whic h spread their views on philosophy, governmental issues, and writing. The book brings up how these headways began and developed at formal Greek drinking gatherings. A History of the World in 6 Glasses provides various kinds of evidence to support the thesis that Standage created. The evidence provided supports the thesis and develops the theme of significance of the drinks mentioned in the novel. For example, beer was first made in the Fertile Crescent and by 3000 BC was so important to Mesopotamia and Egypt that it was being used to pay wages. In ancient Greece , wine became a main export, serving to spread Greek culture abroad. After the downfall of Rome, spirits such as brandy and rum, shuffling using a process devised by Arab alchemist , fueled the Age of Exploration , fortifying seamen on long voyages and oiling the pernicious slave trade. Coffee also originated in the Arab creation and went on to inspire scientific, financial and political revolutions in Europe during the A ge of Reason, when coffeehouse became the centers of intellect exchange. Finally, though carbonated drinks were invented in 18th-100 Europe they became a 20th-century phenomenon, and Coca-Cola in particular is the leading symbol of globalization. Standage introduces wine-colored through a word of early Hellene and Roman letters society. Wine is initially associated with mixer class as it was exotic and scarce, being expensive to transport without breakage. Wine conveyed power, prestige, and privilege. Wine then came to embody Hellene culture and became more widely available. It was used not only in the Symposium , the Greek drinking Party , but also medicinally to clean wound and as a safer drink than water. Roman farmers combined Greek influence with their own

Stigma, Discrimination And The Concept Of Social Exclusion The WritePass Journal

Stigma, Discrimination And The Concept Of Social Exclusion Abstract Stigma, Discrimination And The Concept Of Social Exclusion ). As noted by Goffman (1963), stigmatized individuals may accept the negative labels placed on them resulting in self-stigma which manifests in many ways including shame, self-hatred and self-isolation. Similarly, HIV/AIDs related stigma is reported to have severe implications on the stigmatized person. The onset of HIV and AIDS during the early 1980s triggered responses of stigma, fear, denial and discrimination which have, up-to date, been targeted at individuals perceived to be infected (UNESCO 2002). Such individuals become rejected not only by the community but also by their beloved ones. These individuals are also reported as having been denied access to health and education services on several instances. Research also shows that such individuals receive unfair treatment in the workplace. The root causes of stigma related to HIV/AIDS are fear and moral judgement (UNESCO 2002). HIV/AIDS pandemic is associated with fear of causal transmission of virus, fear of living with the virus, fear of loss of productivity, and imminent death (UNESCO 2002). Moral judgment is also considered as the root cause of the stigma. People infected with the disease are often seen as self-blaming, since the transmission of the pandemic is linked to stigmatized behaviour. HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains a barrier to effectively managing this epidemic. The fear of shame and discrimination prevents such infected individuals from seeking the much needed help and support, thereby making prevention and management extremely difficult. The feelings of shame, guilt and the fear of discrimination impedes an individuals willingness and ability to adopt preventive behaviours. This results in delayed help-seeking behaviours. Stigma still appears to be a major issue facing many employers and employees. There is increasing evidence of people being turned down for a job simply because they are infected with stigmatized illnesses. Others have also reported as having stopped looking for employment because they expect to be discriminated against. For example, a study led by Graham Thornicroft found over a third (34%) of the participants as having been shunned by people due to their mental illnesses (Thornicroft et.al, 2007). The study also found nearly a quarter (25%) of the participants as having stopped applying for work because they anticipated discrimination, and another 37% who were afraid of initiating close personal relationship due to fears of being discriminated against (Thornicroft et al., 2007). However, it was found that for those who anticipated discrimination, their experiences did not necessarily confirm this. Nearly half (47%) of those who had stopped looking for work and 45% of those that were afraid of initiating personal relationships because they anticipated discrimination did not in the actual sense experience this (Thornicroft et al., 2007). The study also found that 71% of the participants wished to conceal their illness, raising concerns about delayed help seeking behaviours due to fears of discrimination once their condition is disclosed (Thornicroft et al., 2007). Similarly, a recent survey on 500 leading employers in the UK conducted by SHAW Trust, showed that one in three employers thought that persons with mental illness were less reliable than the rest of the workforce (Thomas 2012). The survey also found that negative attitudes held by employees towards the mentally ill were a major barrier to employing individuals with mental illness. This indicates that stigma is still a major concern in the employment. Implications on policy and practice: There is a current policy spotlight on providing stigmatized individuals with greater employment support. This is largely due to emerging evidence of discrimination of stigmatized individuals in employment. It should be noted that some societies may increase the level of stigmatization through their laws, rules and policies. Legislations such as limitations on international travel and migration and those that include compulsory screening and testing tend to increase stigmatization and create a false sense of security concerns among individuals who may not necessarily be dangerous (EU report 2010). There is, however, a range of standards and policy initiatives which have been formulated to help address problems of stigmatization. The National Service Framework for Mental Health, for example, has incorporated standard services which must be adhered to including guidance on social inclusion, tackling stigma, and ensuring health promotion among those with mental illness (DFID 2007). There is also the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 which prohibits discrimination of disabled individuals in terms of employment, union membership and access to housing, health and education services (DFID 2007). The definition of disability is extended by the DDA 2005 to include people diagnosed with HIV. This implies that people with traits or attributes considered stigmatized are protected against discrimination in recruitment, training, promotion and from unfair dismissal. Such individuals are also protected against harassment and discrimination by colleagues in the workplace. However, despite these policy initiatives, it is apparent that stigma and discrimination is still an issue. For example, in the UK and the US, elaw and licensing practices are making it increasingly difficult for stigmatized individuals to be employed (Gonzalez 2012). Under the American with Disabilities Act, disabled persons can be denied a license especially where such a person poses a threat to others that cannot be reasonably eliminated (Gonzalez 2012). Also, a study by the HIV Law project on professional licensing practices in the US reported over 20 states with requirements that prohibit granting or renewal of license for persons with communicable or infectious diseases including HIV (Gonzalez 2012). Adding to this discriminatory licensing criterion, the study found that science based data was largely ignored, thereby promoting stigma and denying stigmatized individuals employment opportunities. A similar trend was evident in the UK especially when reforms were made to the job and benefit system with the aim of encouraging stigmatized individuals to re-enter the workforce (Gonzalez 2012). According to Laura Dunkeyson, a policy officer at the National AIDS trust, job applicants were often asked about their health status prior to the extension of an offer, which resulted in the exclusion of a number of persons from the workforce (Gonzalez 2012). Moreover, it was reported that, on application of a job by non-disabled and disabled individuals, the non-disabled persons were twice as likely to be invited for the interview as the disabled. Clearly, stigma still exists. However, popular views about mental illness and HIV/AIDS appear to be improving in term of less social rejection. According to a newly released research by Aviva (2012), over 28% of employees in the UK believe that the stigma associated with mental health problems has dropped. This is attributed to the increased awareness and public understanding of mental health issues. This shows that interventions that aim at improve public knowledge can effectively reduce the level of stigmatization. With improvement in public knowledge, people are more likely to recognize features of illnesses and become more supportive for those with such illnesses. Interventions to reduce stigma Efforts to reduce stigma have often been inhibited by the lack of public awareness and knowledge on issues contributing to the stigmatization of persons. Efforts to address stigma have also been inhibited by the lack of incentives/benefits for taking action (DFID 2007). Adding to this, stigma has been perceived as culturally specific and complicated to address (DFID 2007). The following are some important steps that might be taken to address the issue of stigmatization in employment: Stigmatized individuals could be provided with employment initiatives such as individual placement and support interventions (IPS) which is more effective than the traditional rehabilitation schemes (Pinfold 2003). Promote awareness of anti-discrimination legislation in the public (Grove 2012). Promote social inclusion through strengthening efforts to overcoming administrative, legal and societal barriers that prevent stigmatized individuals from enjoying equal and full participation (EU report 2010). Education also plays a major role in addressing stigma and discrimination in the society. It plays a key role of lessening the stigma and can affect change where the law has failed such as changing societal attitudes (Knifton 2010). Supporting meaningful participation of stigmatized individuals in national planning and policy making as well as in other processes (DFID 2012). The government also has a key role to play alongside law reform and national human rights commissions. They may condemn stigma and discrimination both in employment and in the community Ensure promotion and protection of human rights in institutional settings Challenge/address discrimination at workplaces Ensure policy dialogue and policy reform where necessary Increase interaction with stigmatized individuals to help build their confidence and increase their self-esteem Ensure strengthening and building capacity of individuals with stigmatized illnesses through skill building, training and counseling, network building, and income generation (DFID 2012). Ensure interactive and participatory education. This is highly effective as it fosters greater understanding of stigma and allows people to reflect on their attitudes and actions, thereby catalyzing individual change around stigma (DFID 2012). Advocate for policies that promote and facilitate effective rights based approach to addressing stigma related issues. There is also the need to stop mandatory testing except for limited purposes such as blood donations, court orders and epidemiological research. In addition, there is need for the government to emphasize on the rights of privacy of test results, given the recent changes in law in UK which allows insurance companies the right to know test results. Conclusion Stigmatization remains a major issue facing both the employers and employees. People can be stigmatized based on their race, beliefs, obesity, AIDs and even based on their mental health. Stigma has a dramatic, though under recognized effect on the life opportunities of stigmatized individuals including employment opportunities, access to education, health and housing. Efforts to reducing stigma have often been inhibited by the lack of public awareness and knowledge, lack of incentives/benefits for taking action, and the widely held view that stigma is complex to address. However, a few of initiatives appear to be reducing the level of stigmatization. According to a newly released research, popular views about mental illness and HIV/AIDS appear to be improving in term of less social rejection. This has been attributed to the increased awareness and public understanding of mental health issues While there is a voluminous literature exploring the publics perception of stigma, there is need for further research to explore these peoples experiences, the impact on their lives, and ways to addressing these issues. This could help shape interventions and policies for improved legislation. Reference Berzins K.M., Petch A. Atkinson J.M., 2003. â€Å"Prevalence and experience of harassment of people with mental health problems living in the community†. British Journal of Psychiatry 183 (12) 526–533. Briggs, E., 2007. Reducing HIV stigma within the workplace. Brockington I., Hall P., Levings J. Murphy C., 1993. â€Å"The community’s tolerance of the mentally ill†. British Journal of Psychiatry 162 (1) 93–99. Brohan, E. and G. Thornicroft, 2010. â€Å"Stigma and discrimination of mental health problems: workplace implications†. Occupational medicine, vol.60 (6, pp. 414-415 Chevannes B., 1998. Rastafari and other African-Caribbean Worldviews. Rutgers University Press; New Jersey. Crisp A., Gelder M., Rix S., Meltzer H. Rowlands O., 2000. â€Å"Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses†. British Journal of Psychiatry 177 (7) 4–7. Department for International Development (DFID), 2007. Taking action against HIV stigma and discrimination. DFID EU report, 2010. Promoting social inclusion and combating stigma for better mental health and well-being. European Communities Gale E., Seymour L., Crepaz-Keay D., Gibbons M., Farmer P. Pinfold V., 2004. Scoping Review on Mental Health Anti-stigma and Discrimination – Current activities and what works. Leeds: National Institute for Mental Health in England. Goffman, E., 1963. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon Schuster Inc. Gonzalez, C., 2012. HIV employment discrimination still an issue in US, UK. AIDSMEDS [viewed on 27th December 2012] available from aidsmeds.com/articles/hiv_employment_discrimination_1667_22733.shtml Grove, B., 2012. Overcoming stigma and discrimination in the workplace what does the evidence tell us? Centre for Mental Health Knifton, L., 2010. â€Å"Workplace interventions can reduce stigma. In: Mental health, training, education and practice†. Journal of public mental health, vol.7 (4). Brighton Ltd. Link B.G. Phelan J.C., 2001. â€Å"Conceptualising Stigma†. American Sociological Review 27 363–385. MacLean, L., Edwards, N., Gerrard, M., Sims-Jones, N., Clinton, K. and L. Ashley, 2009. Obesity, stigma and public health planning. Health Promotion International Parle, S., 2012. â€Å"How does discrimination affect people with mental illness?† Nursing Times; 108: 28, 12-14 Phelan, J. and Link, B., 2006. Stigma and its public health implications. Mailman School of Public Health, New York. Phelan J.C., Link B.G., Stueve A., Pescosolido B., 2000. â€Å"Public conceptions of mental illness in 1950 and 1996: What is mental illness and is it to be feared.† Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41:188-207. Pinfold, V., 2003. Reducing stigma and discrimination: what works? Showcasing examples of best practices of anti-discrimination projects in mental health. Read, J. Baker, S., 1996. Not just Sticks and Stones: A survey of stigma, taboos and discrimination experienced by people with mental health problems. London: Mind. Stafford, M.C., Scott, R.R., 1986. â€Å"Stigma deviance and social control: Some conceptual issues.† in The Dilemma of Difference, edited by S. C. Ainlay, G. Becker, and L. M. Coleman. New York: Plenum Thomas, O., 2012. Depression stigma stops people getting and keeping a job. [viewed on 27th December 2012] available from wsandb.co.uk/wsb/news/2218175/depression-stigma-stops-people-getting-and-keeping-a-job Thornicroft, G., Szmukler, G., and K. T. Mueser (Eds.), 2011. Oxford textbook of community mental health. Oxford University Press, USA. Thornicroft, G., Rose, D., and A. Kassam, 2007. â€Å"Stigma: ignorance, prejudice or discrimination†. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190: 192-193 Thornicroft, G., 2006. Shunned: Discrimination against People with Mental Illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. UNAIDS, 2000, HIV-related stigma, discrimination and human rights violations. UNAIDS UNESCO, 2002. HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination: an anthropological approach. UNESCO/UNAIDS research project. Weiss, M.G., and Ramakrishna, J., 2004. Health-related stigma: rethinking concepts and interventions. Amsterdam Whitley, R., 2005. Stigma and the social dynamics of exclusion. Research and practice in social sciences, vol.1 (1), pp.90-95 Wood, k. and P. Aggleton, 2010. Stigma, discrimination and human rights. Thomas Coram Research Unit Institute of Education, University of London. World Health Organization, 2001. The World Health Report 2001 – Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: WHO.

Manager Leadship Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manager Leadship Styles - Essay Example Distortions such as stereotypes can negatively impact a person’s perception of a leader. The values of the employees affect the corporate culture of the enterprise. Leaders are people that must demonstrate good values and complete dedication towards the company. The shared system of values, shared action and beliefs that develops within an organization through the passage to is referred to as its corporate culture. The leader of a company influences the culture of the firm. The attitudes of the employees must be evaluated by the leader in order to create ways to influence their behavior. The leadership of a manager is important because the style that the leader chooses must be effective at influencing the group. Three leadership styles that can use by managers are transactional, transformational, and charismatic leadership. A charismatic leadership style involves leader-follower exchanges necessary for achieving routine performance agreed upon between the leader and the follow er (Schermerhorn, et al., 2003). Transactional leadership is a leadership style that is well suited for application in the healthcare field. In hospital setting nurses and other workers need precise instruction from their superiors on what to do. The work of workers in the healthcare field is extremely because it can save lives.

Strategy in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategy in practice - Essay Example At this point emphasis should be made to the following fact: the strategy is not set by any member of the organization; it can be only defined by the organization’s leader (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). Of course, other members of the organization, such as line managers, can have a role in the formulation of organization strategy but this role is limited, usually referring to the provision of information for the performance/ problems of their unit (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). When setting the strategy of the organization leaders can take into consideration the comments of employees in various organizational departments; these comments can affect the organization’s strategy only at the level that the leader of the organization will decide (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). The most important characteristic of strategy is the following: it refers to ‘all functions and parts of the organization’ (Toma 2010, p.16-17). Nestle was first established in Switzerland in 1866 (Nestle, Organizational website, History). Through the decades the company has managed to expand globally, a strategy that has been followed by the increase of the business objectives/ areas of operations. Indeed, in 1866 Nestle has been solely a milk factory; today the business is considered as one of the leaders in the food industry in general (Nestle, Organizational website, History). The strategy of Nestle is incorporated in a graph presented through the organizational website (Figure 1, Appendices). According to the particular graph the strategy of Nestle is divided into three parts (Organizational website, Strategy): a) the firm’s Competitive Advantages; the R&D department of the organization and its extended portfolio of brands are considered as the firm’s major advantages, b) the Growth Drivers: in this category emphasis is given to the firm’s reputation as a firm promoting health through its high-quality food products. At the same

Research paper about finish line company Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About finish line company - Research Paper Example It began in 1976 as a partnership between Cohen and Klapper for a ten-year franchise of Athlete’s Foot, an established sports footwear retailer (The Finish Line Inc.). Learning from the franchise experience, the partners opened their own line of sports footwear retail to compete with Athlete’s Foot by offering a wider variety of stocks displayed in bigger stores, as well as offering value brands and affordable lines well-suited in their store locations at less-expensive strip malls. The positioning proved effective as the next ten-years would see growth of the company by opening up more stores with bigger areas while ending the franchise with Athlete’s Foot. To support the growth, two more partners were brought in with sportswear retail experience: Larry Sablonsky and David Fagin (The Finish Line Inc.). The next 20 years saw the growth of the company by overtaking Athlete’s Foot and other competitors in the sports and active wear retail segment as well as becoming a publicly listed company whose shares continue to perform well within its segment. Finish Line’s mission according to the website is to â€Å"connect to young, fashion conscious individuals through a premium brand environment offering the best selection of authentic, sport inspired products† (1). The company offers premium brands that provide dependable quality and leading styles in active wear. Finish Line categorizes its products into footwear and softgoods. As of 2009 annual report, 81% of net sales of Finish Line Inc. came from the footwear category (Lyon and Schneider 3). They carry brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Jordan, Under Armour and New Balance along with sport style brands including Lacoste, Converse, Ed Hardy and Sperry. Softgoods category carries non-footwear products. Recent additions to the company’s line of products are offered through the Paiva store chain offering brands like Tella, McCartney, Brooks, Ellesse, etc., focusing on women

Care of a Confused Parent

Care of a Confused Parent I N T R O D U C T I O N The first FETAC Level 5 Assignment in Care Skills module requires that learners produce an assignment on the care of a confused person. This confusion can be the result of any number of causes – from an illness such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease or the long term use or an abuse of drugs and /or alcohol. The assignment must be completed answering very specific points (as outlined in the table of contents). This assignment was compiled using various methodologies including: Classroom lectures and feedback sessions Class notes and Manual, hard copy manuals and books One to one sessions with Work Experience Skills Coach Previous life experience of caring for an ill family member Online research and library research For the purpose of this assignment the author has decided to highlight one particular client who is in the Nursing Home in which the author is completing her work experience module. The clients name has been changed in order to respect her rights to privacy and dignity. The client in this example has been diagnosed with Stage 4 Lung Cancer (T4, N3) which denotes that she suffers from a malignant tumour which has invaded the oesophagus, epicardium, pleural cavity, T5 and T6 vertebrae with Metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph node. She also suffers from osteoarthritis of L2-L5 and S1-S5, Type 2 Diabetes and Psoriasis. She is currently on a variety of medications which are listed in her Care Plan, along with creams and ointments for the Psoriasis. Presently she suffers from severe bouts of confusion as a result of her pain medications and needs constant monitoring and care. In conjunction with her family, and a multi-disciplinary team Catherine has decided to move to a Nursing Home where she will receive the type of holistic care she requires. Catherine has also documented her specific wishes regarding her death and funeral arrangements and all of which has to be respected by all involved, the details are listed in her Care Plan along with the emergency contact details if her condition should suddenly decline. INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT Initial assessment of Catherine’s needs using the Logan Roper Tierney model of assessment an individualised, client-centred holistic approach to Catherine’s care has been devised. Physical Catherine loves the outdoors and she should be encouraged to continue this through gardening – taking her out for walks, especially during spells of confusion. Ensure she has her walking stick and bring the wheelchair as she gets breathless very easily. Shower rails and chair must be available in her room and always ensure that the non-slip mat is on the ground. When she is confused she forgets how to wash herself properly and will need assistance. Intellectual Catherine loves to read and complete quizzes and cross words – these are very good for stimulation and they should be made available to her in her room and in the day room. The news and primetime are two of her favourite programs – ensure that they are on the TV in her room and the day room. Diversional therapy of card games and jigsaws are great for completing when she is confused. Emotional As a result of the illness and her pending death Catherine can become depressed – she must be encouraged, made feel wanted loved, needed and always try to support her decision to move into the nursing home Social/Spiritual Socially, Catherine has a lot of friends with whom she plays cards – they are going to come visit her once a week to continue this tradition, the other residents should be encouraged to join in also as it will help integrate her more. Her large family of 8 children and 63 grand-children/great-grand-children/great-great grand-children all visit her when she is at home and will continue to do so. It is amazing the Catherine remembers all their names and dates of birth – during spells of confusion though she does tend to forget them a little. Catherine is very religious and attends mass every Sunday when she is well – the angelus must be said at 12pm and 6pm and the rosary at 9pm. I D E N T I F Y T H E L E V E L O F A S S I S T A N C E R E Q U I R E D Catherine has very low level needs when she is not confused. She needs help sitting up in the bed and cannot use the remote control as her fingers are very badly damaged from the arthritis and as such will need assistance getting out of bed. She cannot manage small buttons when dressing and most days she just wears t-shirts but on Sundays she wishes to wear a blouse going to mass and will need assistance with that. Catherine dose not wear dentures and is on a chopped diet for now, she can manage to use cutlery but prefers to use a spoon. When she is confused she forgets when to eat and sometimes forgets that she has eaten so she will need monitoring when eating rather than assistance. MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT During confused spells Catherine likes to walk and as such walkways will have to be completely compliant with the Health and Safety Regulations for care as set out by the Health and Safety Authority. (HSA.ie, 2014) It would also be a good intervention to ensure that her walking aid is always within arm’s reach and that her shoes/slippers have rubber soles and are well maintained. For showering, the shower stool must be readily available and ensure that the hand rails are well maintained. The toilet in her room has a raised toilet seat and rail which must be cleaned and maintained regularly. Catherine will also use a commode, but when she is confused does not realise where she is when trying to urinate therefore she should be encouraged to go to the bathroom to protect her dignity. When going on outings with her family Catherine’s wheelchair must accompany her always and kept well maintained and ensure the wheels are pumped. PROMOTE CLIENT INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL EVENTS AND THERAPIES Catherine likes to play cards therefore she would enjoy it as part of the available diversional therapies. The HCA can have table quizzes added to the curriculum of activities by the activities co coordinator and help her participate by writing the answers to the questions and holding the cards – when she is confused one to one games such as Patience or Snap are very helpful. Catherine is quite a sociable person and will have loads of visitors – they will help to integrate her with the other residents and they play cards, tell stories, Irish dancing and play music some days she wishes not to have any visitors or participate in activities – in order to keep her from this depression the HCA could encourage her to attend the card game or maybe say some prayers with her as her strong beliefs will help to alleviate the depression. Catherine has refused to attend the Cuisle Centre in Portlaoise which has numerous activities and therapies available to cancer sufferers. The HCA could bring her more information on the services provided and explain what they are in detail and answer any questions she may have in order to encourage her to attend. They offer a Gardening Therapy workshop each week which would really benefit her along with the CranioSacral therapy and Holistic Massage would be beneficial for her also and she should be encouraged to go by bringing her down to the centre and having a talk with other clients that attend. (Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, 2014) MOBILITY INDLUDING FALLS AND PRESSURE AREA CARE FALLS The results from the Morse Falls Assessment in Catherine’s Care Plan show that on non-confused days she is at low risk, but during spells of confusion she is moderate risk and as such – should be encouraged to walk around more during lucid days and be accompanied outdoors for short walks if her breathing allows – allow her to push the wheelchair for a while will help and support her. The activities co-ordinator has a great curriculum for mobility and Catherine should be encouraged to participate in order to help keep her arms active. PRESURE AREA CARE As Catherine suffers from Psoriasis she is even more susceptible to pressure sore development. Her skin should be cared for as per her prescribed treatment – creams and lotions to be applied daily. At the moment she is fairly mobile and does not remain in the one spot for too long – if she suffers bad pain during the day she tends to stay in bed and will need assistance turning and should be encouraged to do so – a second HCA may be needed for this as she has had two hip replacements which have to be cared for also – a hoist may be needed on occasion. Gel cushions should be used when she is playing cards with friends as she could be in the one position for hours, to break this she should be encouraged to get up and walk around every hour – even if for a few minutes. EFFECTIVE VERBAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION WITH CLIENT AND HEALTHCARE TEAM Catherine has to attend various appointments for scans and pain medication updates. Any new developments need to be explained in full to her so she can make an informed decision as to what course of action she wants to pursue. Catherine must be kept informed at all times of any changes in her condition and has requested that she be told first so she can decide whether to tell her family. She has stated during meetings regarding her funeral wishes but may want to change these so ensure any changes are documented. All daily charts are to be kept updated immediately and inform the staff nurse of any noted changes in her condition at handover. As her cancer is rapid and fast progressing Catherine’s condition can and will change on a daily basis therefore food and fluid charts are vital. At the moment she is normal on the M.U.S.T scale, but as she tends not to eat when in pain this has to be carefully monitored and reported if she is refusing food or fluids. ASSIST CLIENT WITH ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING Mobility Assistance Catherine needs assistance when getting in and out of bed. She can sometimes sit up on her own but during spells of confusion she forgets how to stand up and should be encouraged and supported to do it herself as long as possible without the aid of a hoist. She may also need assistance getting in and out of the shower and needs her hair to be washed as she can no longer raise her arms above elbow height. If the weather if favourable Catherine likes to go outside – she should be accompanied and ensure her wheelchair is in good working order. Allow her to walk as much as she can pushing the wheelchair but ensure she does not get too tired – encourage her to get into the wheelchair and continue until she wishes to return. Catherine’s pain medication is prescribed by the GP and monitored by the Palliative Care team. She has certain pain killers that are available to her without the nurses supervision – please record when and what she is taking and report it back to the nurse for monitoring. At the moment Catherine is normal on the M.U.S.T scale and we have to endeavour to keep her that way – she is on a chopped diet but needs to be monitored as the tumour is pressing on her oesophagus – it could cause a choking hazard – any noted changes to her swallow must be reported back to the nurse for further investigation by the MDT. When she is confused Catherine needs assistance eating as she forgets how to use the cutlery. PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF THE CLIENT TO DIGNITY, PRIVACY, INDEPENDENCE, POSITIVE SELF IMAGE As Catherine is very self-conscious about her body – every effort must be made to give her as much privacy as possible when dressing and showering. She will need assistance dressing on occasion especially when she is confused as she gets the order of clothing mixed up. The HCA can discuss her wishes with her and come to an arrangement regarding the assistance she requires. Catherine is very independent and likes to take her own medications and feed herself. She has expressed her wishes numerous times to all her family and multidisciplinary team regarding her funeral wishes and insists that she not be left alone from now on and even when she passes she does not want to be alone until she is buried with her husband. Catherine needs to feel in control of the disease and wants to be informed if there is any changes being made to her medications or if the multidisciplinary team think that she is declining in any way regardless of the news make sure she is kept informed and involved in all decisions – it is best practice to inform Catherine first and let her decide when and how much information he and the rest of the family is to be told. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.upledgerclinic.com/conditions_symptoms.html http://www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ http://www.ahrq.gov/legacy/research/ltc/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtool3h.htm http://www.clinicaloncologyonline.net/article/S0936-6555(08)00451-2/abstract http://www.nurse2nurse.ie/Upload/NA6762article.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059769 http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro REFERENCES Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, (2014). Therapies Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise. [online] Available at: http://www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ [Accessed 19 Dec. 2014]. Knott, D. (2014). End of Life Care | Doctor | Patient.co.uk. [online] Patient.co.uk. Available at: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro [Accessed 15 Dec. 2014]. 1

Hero In Myth and Film :: essays papers

Hero In Myth and Film " †¦and he saved the day, got his girl and everyone lived happily ever after." Sweet, short, cut and dry, that was the typical ending of our childhood books and early movies. There was the perfect hero and the bad villain. That was in the pre-modern era, now our hero isn’t always perfect and has his flaws. The hero in today’s movies needs these flaws and needs to travel through a combination of paths to become a hero. In order to sell movies which decide who a hero is in today’s society. A hero in today’s society needs to admit that he needs help and isn’t superman, he needs to have problems and prove that he doesn’t belong up on a pedestal where his image is totally unattainable, third he needs to travel one of the paths of a hero according to Seger. Bruce Willis plays the character John McClain in the trilogy Die Hard, he is a good example of a hero in America today. In the third movie, McClain takes on a partner to help him fight a mad bomber. This is different from the movies from the past, James Bond or John Wayne never needed help. The partner he picks is a inner city black man, in the fifties this never would have happened. The fact that he picks a black man incorporates some multicultural aspects into the movie. The fact that he picks a partner shows some post modern aspects of Hollywood. Both of these facts help sell movies and help define a hero in America today. Another aspect that makes McClain a post modern hero in America is the fact that he to has problems, James Bond was never like this, he always had a woman by his side, or falling at his feet. People held this man in high esteem, because he was perfect. However in real life blond bimbos at your feet don’t happen all the time. Post modern heroes have problems McClain even though he is out saving lives and helping people his wife wants a divorce. People can relate better to John McClain because we all have problems besides the bad guys. The hero today isn’t so perfect and people are able to relate to him more easily. The travel of a hero from an average guy to a hero via the myths defined by Seger is also another determining factor in what a hero is today. Hero In Myth and Film :: essays papers Hero In Myth and Film " †¦and he saved the day, got his girl and everyone lived happily ever after." Sweet, short, cut and dry, that was the typical ending of our childhood books and early movies. There was the perfect hero and the bad villain. That was in the pre-modern era, now our hero isn’t always perfect and has his flaws. The hero in today’s movies needs these flaws and needs to travel through a combination of paths to become a hero. In order to sell movies which decide who a hero is in today’s society. A hero in today’s society needs to admit that he needs help and isn’t superman, he needs to have problems and prove that he doesn’t belong up on a pedestal where his image is totally unattainable, third he needs to travel one of the paths of a hero according to Seger. Bruce Willis plays the character John McClain in the trilogy Die Hard, he is a good example of a hero in America today. In the third movie, McClain takes on a partner to help him fight a mad bomber. This is different from the movies from the past, James Bond or John Wayne never needed help. The partner he picks is a inner city black man, in the fifties this never would have happened. The fact that he picks a black man incorporates some multicultural aspects into the movie. The fact that he picks a partner shows some post modern aspects of Hollywood. Both of these facts help sell movies and help define a hero in America today. Another aspect that makes McClain a post modern hero in America is the fact that he to has problems, James Bond was never like this, he always had a woman by his side, or falling at his feet. People held this man in high esteem, because he was perfect. However in real life blond bimbos at your feet don’t happen all the time. Post modern heroes have problems McClain even though he is out saving lives and helping people his wife wants a divorce. People can relate better to John McClain because we all have problems besides the bad guys. The hero today isn’t so perfect and people are able to relate to him more easily. The travel of a hero from an average guy to a hero via the myths defined by Seger is also another determining factor in what a hero is today.

Romanticism in Friedrich’s “The Monk by the Sea”

Darkness, emotions, and mysticism—these are just some of the terms that can be used to describe Friedrich’s â€Å"The Monk by the Sea. † Produced in 1809, this oil on canvass ideally characterizes the period to which the artist belongs: the Romanticism. With its subject, color, style, and theme, the artist successfully evokes the main tenets common during the Romantic Age. Formalist and thematic analyses of the work can lead modern viewers to a better understanding of the work and the message that the artist wants to convey. Brief Background Caspar David Friedrich was a German painter born in 1774 in Greifswald, Germany. Despite poverty, the artist received formal art study from artist Johann Gottfried Quistorp, who conducted art sessions outdoors. Exposure to the local color and environment thus helped the artist master the art of landscape. His paintings, which generally reveal tenets of the Romantic Age, make him â€Å"one of the most important artists during his time. † (Vaughan, 1972, 65). Particularly, as Murray (2004, 338) notes, his landscapes direct â€Å"the viewer's gaze towards†¦ metaphysical dimension†. His seascape titled, â€Å"Monk by the Sea† won admiration even from the 15-year-old King Frederick III Wilhelm of Prussia, whose purchase in 1810 declared the artist’s work as his masterpiece. Analysis of Form A formalist analysis of the painting suggests the artist’s overall craftsmanship. Minimalism best defines the style that the artist employed in his work. Basically, the image of the monk, which appears very minimal and solitary, helps achieve emphasis on the subject. The minimalist use of a variety of colors for the whole background readily implies the contrast between darkness and light that the artist wants to portray. Specifically, the submission of darkness to light or vice versa narrows down the color and texture of the painting. This minimalism of color and structure thus allows the author to present some characteristics ideal to Romantic art. The whole image can be divided horizontally into three different parts, namely, the sky, the sea, and the land. The great expanse of the sky, which covers at least â€Å"five-sixths of the canvass† (Web Gallery of Art, n. d. ), attracts attention considering the light it sheds on the whole image. Through devoting much space to the sky, the artist achieves artistic drama, which is very typical of the Romantic Movement. Specifically, the center clouds where a rich combination of colors is applied, capture the motion of light breaking into the darkness and at the same time the darkness eating up the light. Such drama found in nature suggests some Romantic thoughts that draw out sentimentality from the audience. Depicting the sea with great darkness, Friedrich made it a point to limit this part to at least one-eights of the canvass. This allows the other images, such as the sky, the land, and the monk to take form, while it allows the purpose of showing the location of the monk at the same time. On the one hand, the element of darkness suggests the artist’s tendency to contemplate on the darkness of nature and its mystery. On the other, it also suggests the themes of death and the obscure, which other painters similarly dealt on during this time (i. e. Goya, Delaroix). The monk standing by the sea seems lost and forlorn, thus unable to see the great storm coming. In a description by Marie von Kugelgen, one of Friedrich’s followers, the lady wrote to her friend Friederike Volkmann: â€Å"A vast endless expanse of sky †¦ still, no wind, no moon, no storm – indeed a storm would have been some consolation for then one would at least see life and movement†¦ On the unending sea there is no boat, no ship, not even a sea monster, [which] make the loneliness even more desolate and horrible† (Web Gallery of Art). This clearly shows the initial attention that the work garnered from the public. Widely recognized for the great landscapes he formerly depicted, the artist must have surprised his followers with the dark portrayal of the sea coupled by the view of the monk who seems to submit himself unrelentingly to the vast rupturing sky and the deep dark sea in front of him. Nevertheless, the purchase of King Frederick III Wilhelm helped the work gain much favor it deserved. Later on, Clemens Brentano’s description of the work suggests the acceptance of the work by the public. From the horrible experience the work evoked in Kugelgen, Brentano notes the splendid, infinite loneliness of the monk by the shore (Held, 2003). This shows the public’s appreciation of the work, following its acceptance by the king. In Brentano’s critique, we may note the contemporary viewer’s appreciation of the work, despite the loneliness it presents. This also shows the ability of the viewer to relate to the monk’s experience, thus reflecting the positive attitude toward the theme of death, which other Romantic artists and writers demonstrate in their works. Further to the thematic analysis of the work, one can perceive the artist’s idea of communing with nature. The idea of the monk leaving the monastery in order to enjoy or contemplate the quietness and simplicity of nature strongly suggests a Romantic attitude. However, aside from portraying the greatness of nature, the view also shows that while the Romanticists regard nature as beautiful and powerful, they also view it with â€Å"sensuous nuance. † The dark colors of the sky and the sea imply the coming of a destructive storm. This reflects Friedrich’s attempt to break the usual concept of a beautiful sky at midday. Anticipating the great storm, the audience may feel a certain concern for the monk, some anxiety that destructs quiet contemplation. In addition, the combination of darkness and light yields the artist’s spontaneity and freedom. Since the monk is the only figure meant to appear at vertical angle, the rest of the image appears to be painted with free hand and brushstrokes that conjure at some point with a vanishing effect in the light colors of the sky. Furthermore, the solitariness of the monk asserts the Romantic idea of individualism. Using the monk as subject reveals Friedrich’s attempt to explore on the thoughts and emotions of a common man. Normally looked upon for their wisdom and strength, the image of the monk amid the darkness and light somehow distracts the idea of perfection among the religious members of the society. This characteristic adheres to the Romantic Age by the artist’s â€Å"rejection of traditional values of social structure and religion. (Worldwide Art Resources Web Site, n. d. ) Through the use of nature, the artist reveals the monk’s seeming confusion and loneliness as he casts view at the sea. Although the audience may have different perceptions of the experience that the monk undergoes, the image nevertheless suggests the imperfection in the life of a monk, the loneliness that they undergo, and the need to take part in the usual activity of nature. Centering on a single hero, the w ork portrays the individual struggle of every monk. By making the monk turn his back from the audience, the artist portrays his contemplation. More importantly, however, this portrayal makes the monk anonymous. Depicting a monk in this way makes his experience—his struggles and loneliness—universal in nature. It also suggests the commonness of the place, the scenery, and the emotion, to which viewers can possibly relate. Brentano’s description of the work reflects the artist’s successful attempt to make the meaning universal. According to the author, the scenery allows the viewers to relate to the scene, making one feel that â€Å"one has gone there, that one must return, that one would like to cross over†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This implies that despite the centrality of the work to the image of the monk, the audience can still relate to the contemplative experience that Friedrich depicts. The universality of the subject and the surroundings makes one long to reflect on a similar struggle the audience may have had at certain points in their lives. Another Romantic characteristic that the work reflects is the artist’s interest in the mystical aspect of life, which he portrays through the mysterious and vast skies and the dark sea. As Brentano claims, these evoke mixed feelings, â€Å"from the horror of one viewer, comes a grayness of the other† (Held, 2003, 84). Such combination of emotions that the artist draws from the audience signifies its successful portrayal of the mystical motifs in life, such as the union between darkness and light, the Apocalyptic view of the skies, and the solitude that such a view creates in everyone who witnesses it. Showing the figure of the monk amid the chaotic tendency of nature suggests the mystic relation among God’s creation. Overall, the structure and theme that Friedrich employs in his work consistently reflect valuable characteristics of Romantic art. Up to now, the darkness, emotions, and mysticism that the artist projects through his choice of subject, color combination, tone and structure still provide the modern audience with the same experience that viewers of the painting had in 1809.

Black Freedman essays

Black Freedman essays The summer of 1865 was a jovial time for slaves, as they were finally granted freedom. Many went to find their families they lost when they came to America, while others stayed on the plantations and continued working for their owners. However, the contentment quickly turned to fear and despair as the freedman realized they didnt have anything or anywhere to go. Everything and nothing had changed, claimed Nash. (496). The former slaves had no money, and no education, the only way of life they knew of was working in these unjust conditions. This marked the beginning of reconstruction, as Johnson came into presidency. He formulated a plan, known as the thirteenth amendment to eradicate slavery, cancel secession, disclaim all debts, and to designate new members of congress. However, congress felt differently about Johnsons goal of reconstruction and checked the situation in the south, they found mistreatment of blacks and total chaos. Despite, the unfair conditions the freedman still ha d hope for their security against the whites that terrorized them, the right to own land, to get an education, and to participate in politics. Reconstruction was an intense time for blacks as they fought for their divine, equal rights in a predominantly white, protestant-controlled world. Even though at the end of reconstruction the freedman did not achieve their foremost objectives, but they still possessed their freedom. Black codes were passed to provide the freedmen with some privileges. For instance, they could marry within their own race, they had the right to testify in court, and to own property. However, the blacks were not allowed to ride railways, own guns or firearms, have alcoholic beverages, be seen at night, and travel in large groups. The blacks began to feel robbed of their liberties. Therefore, commotion immediately followed, such as the race riot that broke out in Memphis when a newspaper publishe ...

Johannes Gutenberg essays

Johannes Gutenberg essays Throughout history many people have created new ideas and inventions that have had great impact on people. But no ones ideas have had such a huge effect on the world as Johannes Gutenbergs ideas. His invention of the moveable type printing press impacted millions of people all over the world. Johannes Gutenberg was born between 1394 and 1400 in southern city of Germany called Mainz where he grew up learning the trade of a goldsmith (Tomaselli). In 1445 Johannes invented the printing press and printed the first 42-line Bible, which was the start of a revolution of education and knowledge. Johannes Gutenberg was a great individual because his printing press revolutionized the literacy world during his time and continues to have a great impact on the world today. During the time Gutenberg lived, many people were starting to become educated(Keep). People were learning how to read and the demand for books were very high in Europe. He invented the printing press at the perfect time in history. The only way books could be reproduced was by scribes handwriting each book. This took a lot of labor and created the need for a more efficient way of printing literature(Tomaselli). His printing press solved this problem in Europe. His 42-line bible, also known as the Gutenberg bible, was printed in several languages other then Latin. This allowed almost anyone from anywhere in the world to be able to read the bible and make their own interpretation of it. His invention sparked the printing industry and soon enough, printing presses were being used all over Europe. Not to o long after Gutenbergs death were the ideas of the Renaissance being created. The printing press allowed the many new ideas and philosophies of the renaissance to be spread all throughout Europe, thus significantly educating people. His great invention revolutionized the literacy world (Tomasel...

Pontecaster Car Rally case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pontecaster Car Rally case report - Essay Example The advice that could be given to Pontecaster depends on its rights or responsibilities in the contract. But before the obligation could arise from the contract, there is a need to establish whether there is a contract. A contract exists when the following elements occur: offer and acceptance, consideration, certainty of agreement and intention to create legal relations (University of London, 2007). If such a contract does exist between the parties, it could now be asked whether the rights of Pontecaster are being protected. On the other hand, Pontecaster may have responsibilities to be done under the contract which may make it at fault. As far as the issue on whether there is a contract between the parties on the basis of the presence or absence of offer and acceptance, consideration , certainty of agreement and intention of create legal relations, this paper submits that they parties are presumed to have a contract because the question presupposes the existence of such contract. As far as its rights under the contract (which is presumed to exist based on the question), it becomes an issue whether it can it ask â€Å"Grubs up† to pay for breach of contract. The case facts provide that there was confusion as to actual date of the sports event but it was also provided that Pontecaster had already contracted â€Å"Grubs up† (Emphasis supplied). The fact that there was contract already, â€Å"Grubs up† must have been ready to meet the obligations including the day when the car rally event would have been held. As far as its responsibilities in the contract is concerned, Pontercaster may be held liable for its failure to conduct the event in its earlier designated time, if there is any, as per its contract with â€Å"Grubs up†. On the other hand, in the absence of the of a definite dates of the event that was agreed upon, such may indicate lack of intention to be bound for which â€Å"Grubs up† may not be liable.

Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Auditing - Case Study Example altered year to year, these changes would create an inherent risk that Nathans Finance would not be able to meet those requirements and ultimately financial statement would not present the true and fair view. 1. There is a risk that there are no appropriate controls over revenue recording and the revenue of the next year is included in the current year’s figure which ultimately results in 42.5% increase in total sales. 3. There is a big increase in the revenue, but advertisement expense is only $53,445 in 2005 against $313,356 in 2006 (Nathans Finance NZ Limited, 2006). This may reveal control risk because this huge increase in advertisement expense may exposed that there are no related controls. Detection risk is a risk that the audit procedures performed by the auditor will not be able to detect and prevent the material misstatement in the financial statement. Some of the detection risks in Nathan Finance are mentioned below, 1. There is a big increase in the revenue, but advertisement expense is only $53,445 in 2005 against $313,356 in 2006 (Nathans Finance NZ Limited, 2006) auditor may not be able to detect the potentioal oversttement in the revenue. 2. Purchase of new vending machines for $11.32 million. It may either be fictitious or it may be leased asset. There is a greater risk that the auditor is unable to detect any potential fraud of error in this significant transaction. 3. Decrease in salaries and wages in comparison to last year may suggest that the management is concealing the expense to show higher profits, because in normal circumstances salaries expense increases. Audit procedures may fail to detect this potential error or fraud. 4. Increase in intercompany advances from $60.7 million to 79.6 million. This is related parties transaction and the management can create fictitious advance which would be difficult for the auditors to detect. 5. Sharp decrease in long-term finance receivables from $45.1 million to $34.07 million in 2006.